Problems in a War Hospital in Barker’s novel, Regeneration...

The story in Barker’s novel, Regeneration, centers on many soldiers with various problems in the hospital. One of these soldiers, named Prior, enters the hospital suffering from Mutism. He meets with Dr. Rivers, a psychiatrist, who encourages him to express his war memories so that he can heal; however, Prior proves to be a difficult patient for Dr. Rivers. When Prior regains his voice, he wanders to a pub in Edinburgh where he meets Sarah Lumb, a young munitions worker, and agree to see each other again. When Prior returns to the hospital, Rivers tries hypnosis on Prior to see if it can help him remember the events that led to his mental breakdown. From the hypnosis, Prior is able to remember perfectly how he had to shovel a fellow†¦show more content†¦66-67). This discussion between Dr. Rivers and Prior is important because it shows the problem of class distinction in the story. Even though Prior is a second Lieutenant (a highly respected position in the warfront), his lower class status is the reason that his fellow officers snub him. In the story, soldiers are brought to the mental ward to get well in order to go immediately back to the war front. This way of thinking shows how the social structure views lower class soldiers. Soldiers with a higher class are regarded better than soldiers with a lower class; lower class soldiers are disregarded and viewed as disposable, a fact that shows why lower class soldiers transfer through the hospital quickly in order to get back on the war front. Because Prior discussed his personal experiences with Dr. Rivers, the problem of social class is able to become a major theme in Regeneration. When he is brought out of hypnosis, Prior feels intensely angry. He feels responsible for the deaths of his two men. He recalls the story of an officer who commands that his troops fire on another regiment, only to find out that they are English, not German. He says he knows what that officer must have felt like. Rivers consoles Prior that there is no one kind of man who breaks down. The issues of gender in Regeneration are discussed because of the discussions Sarah and the other munitions girls have together. When the girls are introduced to Prior, he finds out that theyShow MoreRelated Pat Barkers Regeneration Essay1105 Words   |  5 PagesPat Barkers Regeneration Pat Barkers Regeneration focuses on the troubled soldiers mental status during World War One. Barker introduces the feelings soldiers had about the war and militarys involvement with the war effort. While Regeneration mainly looks at the male perspective, Barker includes a small but important female presence. While Second Lieutenant Billy Prior breaks away from Craiglockhart War Hospital for an evening, he finds women at a cafe in the Edinburgh district (Barker 86)Read MoreComparing the Ways Michael Herr in Dispatches and Pat Barker in Regeneration Show the Effects of War2879 Words   |  12 PagesWays Michael Herr in Dispatches and Pat Barker in Regeneration Show the Effects of War When comparing Michael Herrs Dispatches and Regeneration by Pat Barker the differences in format, style and setting are clear from the outset. However both books explore the horrifying effect of war on those directly and indirectly involved. The two authors attempt to take the reader away from objective, statistical impressions of war and closer to the real experiences of those affectedRead MoreA Study on the Social Causes of Insanity How Appropriate Do You Find this Statement as a Comment on Streetcar Named Desire and Regeneration?1641 Words   |  7 PagesDesire’ and ‘Regeneration’ both present studies of insanity that stem from social pressures on characters. Insanity is defined as a â€Å"state of being unsound in mind† and â€Å"applicable to any degree of mental derangement from slight delirium or wandering to distraction†. Throughout the texts, we do see characters with ‘unsound minds’, ‘mental derangement’ who appear utterly distracted or delirious. The massive social cause of this insanity for the characters in ‘Regeneration’ is The Great War of 1914-1918Read MoreEssay on The Effects of War1017 Words   |  5 PagesDeath by the millions. War; caused by the petty disagreements of those in power; fought by the brave young men th at had no other choice. No one truly wins a war; it does not decipher who is right, only whom is left. The horrors of war are devastating; both mentally and physically. The horror is not only ever present during life on the Frontline, it lives on in the survivors guilt. I believe the horror of war is not only represented in the soldiers, we are all too quick to forget about the feelingsRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder2790 Words   |  11 Pagesall of the poetry, movies, and novels we have watched thus far in the course we have encountered a variety of types of shell shock, or as we call it today Post Traumatic Stress Disorder or PTSD. We have had a chance to read poems written by Siegfried Sassoon Wilfred Owen who both spent time at Craiglockhart, a well-known mental hospital in Scotland, for suffering from symptoms of shell shock. We also had a chance to see for what shell shock was like during World War I when we watched a small series

Attachment Theory The Joint Work Of John Bowlby And Mary...

Hector Saenz Mr. Nowakowski Psyc-2301 October 30 2016 Attachment Theory The Attachment theory is the joint work of John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth. Worries the significance of Attachment as to self-improvement. In particular, it makes the claim that the capacity for a person to shape an enthusiastic and physical connection to someone else gives a feeling of solidness and security important to go out on a limb, fan out, and develop and create as a personality. Actually, Attachment theory is an expansive thought with numerous expressions, and the best comprehension of it can be had by taking a look at a few of those expressions turn. Strong attachment between mother and child is shown through physical contact and while holding the child, they face each other. Adolescents Form Attachments with Peers as a child reaches adolescence, they tend to depart away from the attachment relationships with any parental type figure. Attachment bonds between parents and adolescents are Treated by many adolescents more like ties that restrain than like ties that anchor and secure, and a key task of adolescence is to develop autonomy so as no long er to need to rely on parents support when making one s way through the world . A way of seeking independence from the parents is to rely more on peers as attachment figures. Eventually, adolescents will form long-term relationships with their peers that may be of the romantic kind, which may become full attachment relationships. TheseShow MoreRelatedThe Attachment Theory Is The Joint Work Of John Bowlby And Mary Ainsworth Essay1141 Words   |  5 PagesThe Attachment theory is the joint work of John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth. Worries the significance of Attachment as to self-improvement. In particular, it makes the claim that the capacity for a person to shape an enthusiastic and physical connection to someone else gives a feeling of solidness and security important to go out on a limb, fan out, and develop and create as a personality. Actually, Attachment theory is an expansive thought with numerous expressions, and the best comprehensionRead More The Attachment Theory Essays1797 Words   |  8 PagesThe Attachment theory is a psychological, ethological and evolutionary theory that gives a descriptive and explanatory framework of understanding interpersonal relationship between human beings. Presented by John Bowlby, the important tenet of this theory is that an infant needs to develop a relationship with at least one primary caregiver for social and emotional development to progress generally. The idea of attachment theory is that infants become attached to adults who are sensitive and responsiveRead MoreEssay on Basic Concepts in Attachment Theory2804 Words   |  12 PagesBasic Concepts in Attachment Theory Attachment theory is the joint work of John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth (Ainsworth Bowlby, 1991 ). Drawing on concepts from ethology, cybernetics, information processing, developmental psychology, and psychoanalysts, John Bowlby formulated the basic tenets of the theory. He thereby revolutionized our thinking about a child’s tie to the mother and its disruption through separation, deprivation, and bereavement. Mary Ainsworth’s innovative methodology not onlyRead MoreAttachment Theory and Partnership Model797 Words   |  4 PagesDescribe how partnerships with carers are developed and sustained in own work setting A partnership model work around a theory of collaboration, understanding and and communication. It’s a way that helps to recognise how the best outcomes can happen for children when care, development and learning provision/a setting , a cooperatively together. A partnership model looks like this: Identifying needs via a partnership /mullet agency document can happen though the pre CAF assessment check listRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Snowman 1519 Words   |  7 Pagesconstant fear of abandonment. I think the most useful way to explore this is the psychology of attachment theory. Attachment theory is the joint work of John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth in 1991. Attachment theory postulates that the way humans conduct all relationships is based on the template we learn from our first important attachment; our mothers (or lead caregiver). Best case scenario of attachment is one in which a mother is emotionally available, aware of her child, and balances affectionateRead MoreThe And Tears : Grieving A Lost Childhood2442 Words   |  10 Pagesdoes one grieve the insidious and all-encompassing emotional and physical distortions of a childhood lost to prolonged sexual abuse and physical trauma? Truthfully, I don’t have a simple answer but a brief examination of grief, trauma and attachment theories may help explain much of what has transpired in my life to date. This essay documents the quest for understanding and resolution that has been an amalgam of psychological, psychosocial, emotional, and creative pursuits, complete with Read MoreThe Attachment Theory : Room And The Young Boy2045 Words   |  9 PagesIn this Developmental Analysis I will be referring to the Attachment Theory, which is the product of the joint work from John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth in 1991. The Attachment Theory draws on concepts from ethology, cybernetics, information processing, developmental psychology, and psychoanalysts. (Bretherton, 2007) Bowlby revolutionized our thinking about a child’s tie to the mother and its disruption through separation, deprivation, and bereavement. During this analysis I will explore how the novelRead MoreExternal and Personal Factors Affecting Development - Lo2 - 3.3 Level 3 Diploma3370 Words   |  14 Pagesterm memory, poor attention span, poor coordination and failure to thrive. Each child with Foetal Alcohol Syndrome is different and I would need to be patient and sensitive in my approach to care, I would need to attend relevant training and also work closely with health care professionals, Social workers and teachers. I would also need to be very aware of the difference between chronological age and mental age when choosing activities and organizing routines and boundaries. Premature BirthRead MoreIntro to Psychology: Chapter Notes 1- 54753 Words   |  20 Pages2012 Chapter 1- What is psychology? [pp. 1-23] LO1: Psychology as a Science (p. 4) * Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. * Seeks to describe, explain, predict, and control behavior and mental processes. * Theory * propose reason for relationships * derive explanations * make predictions LO2: What psychologists do (p. 5-6) * Research * pure Research * Applied Research * Practice * Teaching * Fields of Psychology Read Moredone Unit 064 Context and Principles fo4917 Words   |  20 Pageschild-initiated and adult-directed activities; * Education programme is to be delivered holistically although divided into areas of learning; * Importance of assessing children’s individual needs. As another difference in between the statutory nature of work with children under 3 years, only England has a statutory education framework for these children, while the other nations have only good practice and recommendations for under-threes. In the new EYFS â€Å"seven areas of learning and development replace

How does Bennett reveal to us the character of Lesley; and how do we respond to her Free Essays

The character Lesley has been cleverly crafted by Bennett so that the audience can find humour in her inability to read people and situations, yet still pity her desperation for her big chance. By writing the play in monologue form the audience has access to Lesley’s intimate feelings as the camera acts in a similar way to that of a confessional. This ensures that the audience can form their own opinion of Lesley. We will write a custom essay sample on How does Bennett reveal to us the character of Lesley; and how do we respond to her? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Bennett’s Her big chance started in his series of six monologues called ‘Talking Heads’. The monologue form suits Lesley’s character because if there were other visible characters, Lesley would find herself being terribly humiliated whereas as it is Lesley can manipulate what the audience are subjected to, through the monologue form. This subsequently means Lesley is not a very reliable narrator; the audience has to infer negative aspects of her character by reading between the lines. Likewise, a monologue only showcases one point of view so the playwright has to use great skill to incorporate other character’s feelings through the main character, in this case, Lesley. In Lesley’s monologue, the added opinions of others give the audience a better overview of Lesley’s character. When Lesley â€Å"said to Scott, ‘I know why, they knew I had ideas about the part† and â€Å"he said, ‘They knew you had a 38-inch bust† the viewers are able to see that Lesley has no talent and is only good for the ‘fun loving’ parts. Lesley then goes on to say Scott’s ‘mother’s confined to a wheelchair, he’s got a lot on his plate’, this proves Lesley’s failure to interpret other’s opinions of her, leaving her isolated as a result. On the other hand, Lesley could be more capable than the audience give her credit for and therefore she was just be dismissing Scott’s blunt comment to save her from the harsh reality. All of Bennett’s characters from ‘Talking Heads’ are isolated and alone due to their particularity. Lesley has many idiosyncrasies which cause people to distance themselves from her. She is always trying to upgrade her small extra parts – ‘where you may have seen me, Simon, is in Tess. Roman Polanski. I played Chloe’. No one would have known who she was talking about because ‘Chloe was the one on the back of a farm cart wearing a shawl.’ Basically she was only an extra but Lesley insists on describing her part by name as if everyone remembers that part because she, herself, gave such a memorable performance. Although she has never had a serious part, Lesley still persists in calling herself ‘professional to’ her ‘fingertips’ and fails to realise that the parts she does play are not so different from her, ‘fun-loving girls who take life as it comes’ even if that means sleeping around to get a p art. Invariably, Lesley takes pride in telling people how to do their job, thinking that her contribution is important. Her inputs are always annoying little comments which doubt the capability of whom she is talking to like, â€Å"if it’s a migraine rather than a headache Travis probably wouldn’t be able to speak,’ and Gunther said, ‘Whatever you say.† Not only does she interfere with the director’s work but she then tells the audience that ‘it’s wonderful, that moment, when you feel a director first begin to trust you and you really start to build.’ Here she misreads the situation as Gunther probably didn’t want her to talk because she is no good at acting and she only needed to look good anyway. Another thing Lesley hadn’t realised was that with all her interfering over the making of the movie Gunther had probably figured by now out how to get what he wanted out of Lesley. An alternative example of this is going back to Lesley’s audition where she couldn’t help but make a suggestion, â€Å"reading generally indicates a studious temperament and I’m a very convincing reader†¦ because it’s something I frequently do in real life.’ I could tell he was impressed.† She then carries on just because Simon was acting impressed out politeness. Even when he was showing her out she didn’t get the picture and suggested putting â€Å"Travis in a bikini and give her a briefcase.† Not only are these terrible ideas but she could have easily blown her audition if they based it on talent. The audience are able to see how others view her when Lesley had another thought and had to pop back. â€Å"He was on the phone. ‘You won’t believe this,’ he was saying.† Lesley saw this comment as a positive one as though her audition was incredible; the audience however are able to infer that Simon saw her audition as beyond belief and shocking. Lesley’s constant use of jargon like ‘lower echelons’, ‘p.o.v water-skis’ and ‘we wrapped at about six (that’s film parlance for packed up)’ is arrogant and patronising it also implies Lesley is trying too hard to fit into a higher class of society as only people who aren’t content with themselves feel the need to demean others. Additionally, Lesley uses â€Å"Ciao† and â€Å"that’s interesting† excessively, it’s as though she is trying to be more cultured or more ‘interesting’, when in fact in just makes her seem unintelligent due to her lack of varied vocabulary. Bennett’s humour is usually at the expense of others, similarly at Lesley’s ignorance. At one point in the play Nigel mentions that the director Gunther is pleased with their progress because they are finally ‘cooking with gas’, Lesley misreads this and says ‘does that mean its good†¦ because I prefer electricity.’ This is a classic ‘bimbo’ moment, created by Bennett, which the audience can use help them discover the true character of Lesley. Being vulnerable and naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve quite often leads Lesley to waking up in many strange rooms. It is pitiful that Lesley is so desperate and has no belief in herself that she feels she has to sleep with whoever it takes to get a part. This originates from her isolation, she possibly feels lonely and consequently the only way she feels wanted is if she constantly has one night stands. At the end of the play Lesley is back where she started, in her small desolate flat. This reveals to the audience despite having just performed in a movie she has gotten nowhere as a result. In a way, Lesley can also see this unkind truth as she ends by saying that she would like to ‘acquire another skill’ like ‘selling valuable oil paintings’ or ‘canoeing.’ As she feels that the more you have to give the better you are as an actress. This in her case is true because she doesn’t have much talent to give and is also a bad actress; it is also similar to her habit of sleeping with people. She gives them what they want and sometimes she’ll get a part. She rounds off by saying ‘acting is really just giving.’ This line sums up her career, which is quite a sad thought, but she only ever gets used and nothing really comes out of it, because she is left in her tiny flat again on her own. On the surface Bennett develops Lesley’s character so the audience can only abhorred her and her traits, but underlying the viewers could quite possibly feel sympathetic towards her as despite all she went through she still didn’t get her big chance. How to cite How does Bennett reveal to us the character of Lesley; and how do we respond to her?, Papers

Consumer Decision making Model Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Consumer Decision making Model. Answer: Introduction Consumer behaviour is the buying tendency of the people who agree to pay a certain sum of money in exchange of some product or service (Ashman, 2015). It is the study of how the consumers of a particular product or service seek, purchase, analyze and dispose of products and services. It is the psychology of marketing- the study is utilised to understand why consumers buy a product in the place of another similar product. Business organisations offer products or services so that they get money in return and grow the business even further. A business organisation operates in an industry or market of the specific product or service or business model that the company has adapted. In order to ensure that the product or service has a unique image in the company it has to device strategic plans, and understanding the trends or consumer behaviour is essential as it guides the company to develop, innovate, diversify etc in order to engage the customers they are targeting (Solomon et al., 2014 ). The strategies that the company formulates impact the customers of the company extensively. The strategies are a source of communication and regarding the products and services that the company is offering. It persuades the way the consumers imagine and perceive, the product and in turn influence the buying decisions (Sparks et al., 2013). The retailer that has been chosen is Amazon Australia; the company is a multinational organisation and is known for the customer centric approaches of business operation. The organisation is led by the visionary and transformational leader Jeff Bezos who has explained in several interviews that the focus of the company is to provide the customers with products and services which are at par with the needs and requirements of the company (Amazon.com, 2018). Consumer decision-making model A consumer avails a product or a service not always out of need or requirement as explained in the Maslows hierarchy of need theory. Apart from the necessities all other products that a consumer buys is based on various factors. Needs develop on the basis of the livelihood of a person and that influences the buying behaviour. Figure 1, shows the model of a simple process- there are input factors such as the efforts that the company makes and socio-cultural impact on the consumer initiates that process of buying behaviour among the people (Ashman, 2015). People get influenced by the marketing efforts of the company and also by the family and friends and other aspects of the society that the customer is in bound (Ashman, 2015). The Amazon website is known to be one of the most user friendly layouts where the customer exactly knows what to do in order to reach the desired product. There is also a list of promotional features in the home page that is cumulated by the website based on the previous purchases. The website tries to understand the preference of the account user and lists a number of items with promotional features. This is one of the ways of communication that the website has with the customers (Amazon.com, 2018). In order to buy a product from Amazons website it is mandatory to make an account with the website. Once you have provided your account details the company also communicates with the help of e-mail or sms. These are some of themarketing efforts of the firm that can influence the buying behaviour of the customer. For example, if a customer has previously bought cosmetic items from the website and the next time he or she logs in they are welcome with an offer on some of the items that the customer have in the wishlist, which may influence the customer in buying the commodity (Amazon.com, 2018). There is a feedback option of the products in the website where the previous customers can post about their experience with the product or the seller; this is also one of the ways in which the customers buying behaviour can be influenced. One of the disadvantages with online retailers have is that they lack credibility if the customer is not sure of the brand of product or the seller then they may be sceptical of buying the item right away. In that case, they will read the comments regarding the product and then make their decision. This is how the society influences the behaviour of buying from Amazon (Amazon.com, 2018). Needs and wants of consumers According to Maslows hierarchy of needs theory, a person has to be motivated to achieve something and these needs are to be attained in a sequence and some take precedence over another. The theory is explained in the form of a pyramid which sets the most basic needs right at the bottom taking a larger space, going upward is the psychological need and then comes the least important need for survival, which are the self-fulfillment needs (Kaur, 2013). The buying behavior of the consumers also can be categorized according to these divisions. Each of the categories is underlined by motivations such as necessity, urge of fulfillment, self-satisfaction as well as extrinsic motivational factors (Kaur, 2013). Recommendation The company should ensure that the product description is authentic and is a little descriptive so that there is little or no scope for miscommunication. Conclusion It can be concluded from the above discussion that consumer behaviour is dependent on marketing efforts of the company and psychological, social and cultural factors. These needs are categorised according to the nature of the product or service and are driven by several intrinsic and extrinsic motivations. References: Amazon.com. (2018).Home page.amazon.com. Retrieved 20 March 2018, from https://www.amazon.com.au/ Ashman, R., Solomon, M. R., Wolny, J. (2015). An old model for a new age: Consumer decision making in participatory digital culture. Journal of Customer Behaviour, 14(2), 127-146. Kaur, A. (2013). Maslows need hierarchy theory: Applications and criticisms.Global Journal of Management and Business Studies,3(10), 1061-1064. Solomon, M. R., Dahl, D. W., White, K., Zaichkowsky, J. L., Polegato, R. (2014). Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being (Vol. 10). Pearson. Sparks, B. A., Perkins, H. E., Buckley, R. (2013). Online travel reviews as persuasive communication: The effects of content type, source, and certification logos on consumer behavior. Tourism Management, 39, 1-9.

Forecast Storms Essays - Stratus, Cirrus, Sun, Sun Dogs, Halo

Forecast Storms If you know where and when to look, you can treat yourself to a colourful display of atmospheric haloes, spots and pillars. These images can tell you something about the clouds overhead and possible changes in the weather. All of these images are created by light shining through cirrostratus clouds. These clouds occur at an altitude of 6,000-12,000 metres. They appear as a thin sheet or layer (strata) that is pure white. The layer of cloud is so thin (only 100-450 metres) that is doesn't obscure the sun or moon, so you should be able to see your shadow. Cirrostratus is made of many types of ice crystals. However, four crystal shapes are responsible for producing most of the commonly see haloes-plate crystals, columns, capped columns and bullets. The most obvious halo is found around the sun. If the layer of cirrostratus is extensive, you'll see an entire ring. Within the layer of cloud, sunlight is striking and passing through the sides of randomly-oriented ice crystals. As the s unlight passes through each crystal, the light changes direction, or refracts. The radius of the hale depends on the amount of change in the direction of the sun's light. Usually this is 22 degrees. Since the sun is 1/2 of a degree across, the radius of the halo is 44 sun-widths. Occasionally you may see a second halo at 46 degrees from the sun (that is, with a radius of 92 sun-widths). This is produced by sunlight passing through both the side and bottom of each crystal. Moonlight will also produce a halo, around the moon, with the proper layer of cirrostatus. Another common optical effect is known as "mock suns" or "sun dogs" or "parhelia" (Greek for "with the sun"). These bright spots on either side of the sun, outside of the halo, occur when sunlight passes through the sides of capped columns, bullets and plate crystals, when these crystals are arranged with their sides vertical. The crystals wobble, diffusing and smearing the colours of the mock sun. You can see haloes and mo ck suns more clearly if you block out your view of the real sun by holding your hand in front of it at arm's length. Another spectactular optical effect is the solar pillar. This is a vertical shaft of light the same colour as the sun stretching upwards from the sun and is most often seen at sunset or sunrise. It's produced by sunlight reflecting of the base of plate and capped column crystals in the clouds. You can also see pillars in an ice fog, when it's illuminated by streelights, or airport runway lights, for instance. The appearance of all these optical images is a good indication that the weather will change. Strong vertical air currents associated with low pressure storms carry moist air skyward, where the water freezes. High speed winds above the storm system push the ice crystals on ahead. When you see haloes around the sun or moon, you can be sure of two things-there are cirrostratus clounds above and, in a day or two, the skies will darken with an approaching storm.

The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber Essays

The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber Essays The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber Paper The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber Paper Essay Topic: Life Is Beautiful Three’s a Crowd â€Å"We have nothing to fear, but fear itself. † Known by many, this common phrase has few words, but a intense meaning. In Ernest Hemingway’s short story, â€Å"The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber,† the overcoming of fear is shown throughout the story. Francis Macomber and his wife Margaret Macomber are on an African safari with a man name Robert Wilson. Hemingway portrays Francis Macomber as wealthy and beautiful, yet cowardly. Macombers wife Margaret also young and beautiful, but seemingly dissatisfied with her husband of eleven years. Robert Wilson is portrayed as a fearless man that has little regard for anyone but himself. The story is focused around Francis Macomber’s cowardly actions and his attempt to become courageous, which inevitably leads to his death. The story contains different types of conflict and rising actions that lead to the unforeseen climax. In Hemingway’s short story, there are several types of conflict portrayed by the main character Francis Macomber. The initial conflict is Macomber with himself, suggesting an internal conflict. This is shown as Macomber is disappointed with himself for acting cowardly on his first encounter with a lion. Macomber says to Wilson, â€Å"I can’t thank you for what you did†, and admits that he â€Å"bolted like a rabbit. † His words suggest Macomber was afraid, and needed to be saved by Wilson. The next conflict in the story is Macomber’s conflict with the wild. This is portrayed as Macomber struggles with his fear of wild animals and his attempt to overcome those fears. Another conflict is the obvious conflict Macomber has with Robert Wilson. In addition to feeling inadequate against Wilson’s many talents in the wild, there is also the fact Wilson beds Macomber’s wife. Lastly, there is the conflict Macomber has with his wife. This is portrayed throughout the story but becomes more relevant when Macomber’s wife sleeps with Wilson. Macomber says, â€Å"You said if we made this trip there would be none of that, you promise. † This leads the reader to believe the Macomber’s marriage is less than perfect, and likely an ongoing conflict. In addition to the conflict in the story, there are scenes of rising action. One example of rising action occurs when Wilson and Macomber return to the wild to hunt for a lion once again. Macomber is able to get a shot off but only able to wound the lion before it runs away. As Wilson and Macomber search for the wounded lion to finish it off, he inevitably runs away frightened for a second time. Hemingway writes Macomber, â€Å"was running; running wildly, in panic in the open, running toward the stream. † As a result of this instance, Macomber’s wife takes a thriving interest in Wilson. Hemingway writes, â€Å"Once he had reached over to take his wife’s hand . . . she had removed her hand from his . . . his wife had reached forward and put her hand on Wilson’s shoulder . . . and kissed him on the mouth. Later, Macomber’s wife sleeps with Wilson, which will completely change Macomber’s persona for the rest of the story. Macomber is so overcome with anger, his character quickly changes from cowardly to courageous. Finally, the conflict and the rising action of Hemingway’s story leads to the climax. This occurs when Wils on, Macomber, and his wife take their final journey into the wild. As a result of the sheer anger Macomber has for Wilson and his wife, his fear is drowned by adrenaline. Macomber instantly takes on the characteristics of Wilson as he takes out two buffalo on the journey. At this point, Wilson respects this new persona of Macomber, while Margaret seems intimidated. With all fear aside, Macomber sets up for his final kill, head on with the third buffalo charging right for him. Just when he feels invincible, his wife Margot pulls a riffle and kills her husband. Margaret pleads she was trying to save her husband’s life from the charging buffalo. However, it is assumed in Hemingway’s story that the young wife, intimidated by her husband’s new found courage, may have been aiming for Macomber all along. In conclusion, Hemingway’s story â€Å"The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber,† has different conflicts and scene of rising action which lead to an outstanding climax. The multiple conflicts Macomber has with himself, nature, and man leads to a shown fear of the wild, and his inadequacies. These events lead to the unforeseen climax of the story where the actions of both Macomber and his wife are questioned. Although Macomber’s life was in fact short in years, it was indeed happy as he was able to face his fears and overcome his biggest obstacles. Hemingway, Ernest. â€Å"The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber. † Web. 6 March 2011.

Standard Chartered and Dubai World The lending problem Essay

Standard Chartered and Dubai World The lending problem - Essay Example This paper focuses upon Standard Chartered Plc, a financial services company, which operates in more than 70 countries around the world. The headquarter of the bank in London, the United Kingdom. The company has entered different countries through the joint venture, subsidiaries etc. The operation of the company is diversified as it offers operations in consumer banking, institutional banking, and corporate banking also. Standard Chartered is listed on the London Stock Exchange; also it is the constituent of the FTSE 100 index. The company is also diversified globally as it offers services all the continents of the world. 90% of the revenue of the company comes from the Middle East and other Asian countries and Africa. The bank offers a diversified range of products including mortgage loans, investment banking, wealth management, corporate banking, wealth management services etc. Dubai World is among one of the main clients of Standard Chartered Bank. The investment company has faced credit crisis in the time of the financial recession and the main creditor of the company was Standard Chartered bank. The geographical presence of the company minimizes their risk. In a globalized world where the multinational companies have to face different political conditions, economic conditions in different countries, then only diversification can minimize the risk of the portfolio of the company. In the time of financial crisis of 2007-09, when all the markets throughout the world have broken, then the diversification helped the company to manage the situation.  

About this star---Enif Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

About this star---Enif - Essay Example The star; enif has many other names attributed to it. It also goes by the names Os Pegasi, Enf, Al Anf , Enf, Enir or Fom. Enf, Al Anf, Enf and Enir are obtained from the Arabic word, Al Anf which means â€Å"The Nose of the horse. Os Pegasi also means the same only that it is a Latin translation. It is a supergiant that is cool and orange in color. It falls under the constellation named Pegasus. The estimated age of this star is 15 million years and is distanced at 673 light years. The spectral class and visual magnitude are K2 and 2.39 respectively. Absolute magnitude of the star is around -4.19. In relation to the sun, Enif exhibits 6700 times more luminosity, its mass is 10 times more than that of the sun and its diameter is 661 times more than that of the sun. It is the brightest star in its constellation. The orange colored giant changes its size gradually and unevenly. It is subject to ferocious eruptions at various times; a phenomenon that is yet to find a conclusive explanation. The constellation in which Enif falls under is called Pegasus. Pegasus is seventh inn size of all the constellations in the sky. It assumes a square shape often referred to as â€Å"the Great Square of Pegasus†. It has a total of 8 stars and occupies 1121 square degrees area. It falls under the location between -60 and +90 degrees latitudes. Enif is the brightest of the stars at 522 L/Y. Enif is not part of the square but it forms a winged horse structure midway from the square. The other dominant stars in the constellation are Scheat, Markab, Algenib, Homan, Matar, Baham and Salm. It is subject to myth that Pegasus was a winged horse who emanated from the neck of Medusa when she was being beheaded by Perseus. The horse obtained a hero status for helping Bellerophon to conquer Chimera (a fire spitting adversary). In the end, Pegasus was turned into a constellation that is visible during the beginning of the month of October. Pegasus was believed to be visible in the

Costing of Zara Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Costing of Zara - Article Example Essentially, the main purpose of business is to generate profits. When the company is in a position to generate more revenue from its operations, that is if it is operating to capacity, it is able to expand its operations. Growth of business in this particular case entails that the company can employ more people which in turn helps to generate more revenue. This is very important in as far as sustainability in the company’s long term operations are concerned. It can also be noted that for Zara to operate below capacity, it is a strong disadvantage to its financial performance. Such companies invest large sums of money to set up manufacturing plants and they must operate above capacity to recover the money that has been invested in the first place. When the company has recovered the money that has been invested, it is in a position to generate surplus revenue commonly known as profit. Any viable company should be in a position to generate profits from its operations. This can help the company to operate viably in the long run. The other disadvantage of operating below capacity is that the company may face problems in terms of meeting the maintenance costs of the equipment used in the manufacturing of fashionable clothes. A company that is operating below capacity is not able to meet all its operational costs as a result of the fact that it would be generating limited revenue. This means that the company may be forced to borrow from other financial institutions in order to sustain its operations in the event that the equipment has broken down. The company should be in a position to buy spares and meet other operational costs in the event that it has encountered some problems in its operations. This can only be possible if it is operating above capacity. To a certain extent, the only advantage that can be derived by Zara for operating below capacity is that it is in a

The Marriott International Incs Development Marketing Essay

The Marriott International Incs Development Marketing Essay The former of the Marriott International Inc was founded by J. Willard Marriott when he and his wife Alice Sheets opened a nine-stool AandW Root Beer stand which they later called The Hot Shoppe in Washington, DC the spring of 1927.It sold hot food such as tamales, chili, and tacos were added to attracting customers during the winter months. In the following few years, with the hot shoppes kept expanding, Marriotts food service had a good development. In 1957, Marriott opened its first hotel which was a 365-room Twin Bridges Motor Hotel in Arlington, Virginia. In 1967 its name was changed from Hot Shoppes, Inc., to Marriott Corporation and J.W. Marriott, Jr., became President and CEO. During the next 26 years, Marriott was developing fast by opening different kinds of hotels to meet the need of people and acquiring other companies. In 1985, J. Willard Marriott passed away and his oldest son J. Willard Bill Marriott, Jr., was named CEO and took over most major responsibilities. Marrio tt International Inc was established formally in 1993 when the former company splits into Marriott International and Host Marriott Corporation. With its establishment, Marriott International Inc starts to become a worldwide operator and franchisor of hotels and related lodging facilities step by step. ( http://www.marriott.com/corporateinfo/culture/heritageTimeline.mi) Today, Marriott International Inc headquarters in the Bethesda area of unincorporated Montgomery County, Maryland. And it is a leading worldwide hospitality company with about 3150 lodging properties located in the United States and 67 other countries and territories. In 2010, its sales is $10,908.00M, And there are 137000 employees in this company. With its excellent business achievement and economic strength, Marriott International Inc has become one of Worlds Fortune 500 for many years. And its rank is 213 in 2010. This big company is still developing and making progress continually. (http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/2010/snapshots/10664.html) Marriott International Incs development cant be achieved without the key people in this company. Nowadays, this companys CEO and chairman is J.W. Marriott, Jr. His leadership spans over 50 years, and he has taken Marriott from a family restaurant business to a global lodging company with 3500 properties in 70 countries and territories. Arne M. Sorenson, the president and COO of Marriott International, Inc. He is a graduate of the University of Minnesota Law School and of Luther College in Decorah, Iowa. And he joined Marriott in 1996 when he specialized in mergers and acquisitions litigation and now he is responsible for the performance and growth of all of Marriotts worldwide brands and businesses. Marriotts Executive Vice President and CFO is Carl T. Berquist. Mr. Berquist holds a B.S. in accounting from Penn State University and is a member of Penn States Smeal Business Schools Board of Visitors. In 2002, he joined Marriott as a partner at Arthur Andersen LLP. And now Mr. Berquist become the CFO with responsibility for global finance, including financial reporting, project finance, global treasury, corporate tax, internal audit, and investor relations. (http://news.marriott.com/our-leadership.html) Although it has steady growth and profitability every year, Marriott International Incs Mission Statement is still to be the best lodging and food service company in the world. It will achieve this goal by treating employees in ways that create extraordinary customer service and shareholder value. And its Vision Statement is to be the worlds lodging leader. To be the leader, this company keeps focusing on serving the guest, extensive operational knowledge, the development of employees skills, and offering the best lodging brands in the lodging industry. (http://www.marriott.com/corporateinfo/culture/heritageJWMarriottJR.mi) Marriott international Incs steady growth and profitability is also related to its strategic alliances. Such as Asian American Hotel Owners Association, Association of Latino Professionals in Finance and Accounting, Black Culinary Alliance, Gay Lesbian Alliance against Defamation and Hispanic Association of Corporate Responsibility. (http://www.marriott.com/marriott.mi?page=diversity_partners) Acquisitions play an important role during the development of Marriott International Inc. The recent acquisition on Mar 16 2011, Marriott International Inc acquires AC Diplomatic, Barcelona from AC Hotels SA. And later in March 1997, Marriott International acquired Renaissance Hotel Group N.V. for $916 million in cash and the assumption of $54 million in debt. This acquisition is the largest acquisition in Marriott history. (http://www.alacrastore.com/mergers-acquisitions/Marriott_International_Inc-1065110) Section2 Marriots is committed to global diversity to provide services that are above and beyond its customers experience. This strategy and concept has become its blueprint in its marketing plan to match the needs of the customers to the various products and services and provide the best possible experience for their guests during their stays in the hotel. The company is global having three thousand properties in sixty eight different territories and countries by franchising hotels under different brands. Marriotts marketing plan will entail research in the industry to gather critical information and experiences to better generate marketing strategies that would be effective through application of customer care and integrity. Cost leadership and product differentiation has been integrated at Marriotts which offers different brands either luxurious or moderate to fit various clients needs http://www.marriottconsulting.com/planning_services.php#business_plans Standard packages in service and products provide a more variety to the different atmospheres created by the different products offered by Marriotts. Other parameters must be included in the marketing plan like the marketing concept, product lifecycle and focus strategies that are important to guide a hotels marketing plan. The Hotels entry and foundation in the market place plays a major role in its marketing plan by detailing its goals, marketing objectives and the necessary factors to consider while implementing its marketing plan processes. Marriotts marketing strategies are geared towards the plan of maintaining its tradition of cherished service through the hotel brands to elevate guests stays, thus accomplishing its overall marketing objectives. http://www.academicwritingtips.org/component/content/article/35-social-sciences/562-marriot-hotel.html Our company met previous goals. Marriott International fourth-quarter net profit of 173 million, Marriott International Hotel Management Group, the fourth-quarter net profit of 1.73 billion U.S. dollars, earnings per share were 46 cents, this performance better than last year. The fourth quarter of fiscal year 2009, Marriott International hotel management group net profit of 1.06 billion U.S.evenue was 36.4 billion U.S. dollars, 3.38 billion higher than the same period last year dollars. Marriott International Hotel Management Group, the fourth-quarter adjusted earnings of 39 cents per share, exceeding analysts had expected. Market research firm FactSet Research survey, analysts on average expected to Marriott International hotel management group for the fourth quarter of 36 cents per share on revenue of $ 3,580,000,000. http://sandiego.jobing.com/catering-sales-manager-courtyard-by-marriott-old-town/job/2710752 Marriotts commitment to society blends corporate financial contributions with in-kind giving and the volunteer service of our associates around the world. We participate in efforts to provide shelter, food, and childrens health, while creating career opportunities for our associates in the workplace and supporting education in the hospitality industry. http://www.marriott.com/corporate-social-responsibility/corporate-values.mi Marriotts environmental vision is to demonstrate that corporate responsibility in hospitality management can be a positive force for the environment while creating economic opportunities around the world. Marriott International has expanded its goals for its Diversity Outreach Initiative with a $1-billion pledge to minority-and women-owned suppliers over the next four years, relationships with four newly signed minority- and women-owned and managed financial services firms, and a plan to double the number of minority owners and franchisees in five years http://www.resource-recycling.com/rr_conference/hotelandtravel.html Section3 Marriott International Inc. is a participant in the Lodging industry. But it is not only a participant but also a leader. Its industry is stable and keeping growing everyday. Marriott International Inc. has been earning strong profits recently, even through comparable periods last year. With the improvement of economy and room rates have bolstered the industry. Figures from a recent report show that average daily rates revenue per room, and occupancy for U.S. hotels all increased during the first week of 2011. Expansion from the ground up, as well as through acquisitions, has been going on in South and Central America, as well as in China and India. With a growing middle class in India and China, MAR meet the need for increased accommodation in the area. As the economy continues to recover, the Lodging industry will be hoping to continue to develop fast. So MAR will be full of motivation and energy to develop. Whether in China or the world, the service quality, advanced technology, and services of Marriott International advanced the worlds first hotel group. Which has won wide public recognition and customers a high degree of trust? Marriott launched a number of brands through market segmentation for different market segments: they are Marriott, JW Marriott, Ritz-Carlton, Renaissance, Courtyard, Ritz-Carlton, Ramada and other hotel brands. Marriott has its own characteristics and different market positions. For example, a luxury-class hotel is JW Marriott, Marriott and Renaissance hotels w ith a high quality, but the brand image of the Renaissance is more flexible. Marriott Executive Apartments is the market for long-term accommodation. Courtyard is for mid-range market. (http://www.flyertalk.com/forum/marriott-rewards/139599-marriott-reluctant-reward-program-participant.html) Marriott hotels, resort hotels and suites are for upscale, full-service hotels. Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company is the high consumption-oriented class, which it is able to provide the best facilities, food and service symbol. Ramada is a high-quality mid-priced brand, mainly for business and sightseeing tourists. (http://www.marriott.com/corporateinfo/glance.mi) Marriott international competitors have begun doing so more pro-actively. The industry of hotels is highly fragmented. Competition with hotels is generally based on the quality of rooms, restaurants, meeting facilities and services, attractiveness of locations, availability of a global distribution system, price and other factors. There are 3 competitors of Marriott international: Hilton Hotels: Hilton is one of the leading hotel and leisure companies in the world. It is primarily involved in the management and development of hotels across the globe. Initially Hilton focused on acquiring and owning more real estate. However, it has recently changed its growth strategy, and it now focuses on spreading its operations through franchisees. InterContinental Hotels: IHG is the largest hotel company by number of rooms, with 590,361 rooms in over 100 countries around the world. It operates a diverse portfolio of brands across multiple economic segments, including Intercontinental Hotels and Resorts. Crowned Plaza Hotels and Resorts, Holiday Inn, and Holiday Inn Express. Orient-Express Hotels: Orient-Express Hotels is a hotel and leisure group, which is focused on the luxury market. The company owns and operates luxury hotels, restaurants, tourist trains, and river cruises in over 25 countries. (http://www.dailyfinance.com/company/marriott-international-inc) The ways to counter the competition: Marriott prefer to use multi-brand strategy to meet the needs of different market segments Marriott for different market segments successfully launched a series of brand They has been struggling to improve the service details and content, customers will be related to differences in the details of effective records, as well as the attitude of its staff and overall good quality Marriotts corporate culture summed up as: Marriotts staff to create a practical action for the guests to experience the service, its purpose is to serve the people. Marriott full play the enthusiasm of employees and retain talent, and attaches great importance to the role of human resources (http://www.academicwritingtips.org/component/content/article/35-social-sciences/562-marriot-hotel.html) As we all know, Marriott face large competition. So they should invest in research and development. Here are their investments: 1 Project construction area of over 20,000 square meters, is expected to invest over 100 million Yuan, the construction of a 16-story, 300 or more rooms of the modern high-star hotels. 2 Marriott said its hotel owners and new franchise partners will invest a total of $ 190,000,000 bed. 3 1.5 billion of investment in large projects settled Marriott International Ming Shan Hall Here are Marriotts ways to promote their products or services. 1. Know your Hotel: You must be a product expert for both your hotel and your competitors. 2. Prime Selling Time: Adhere to prime selling hours, by market, and ensure those hours are dedicated to pure selling activities and customer interaction. 3. Access to Manager: No Messages on any enquiries, even if the General Manager has to take the call. 4. Customer Rapport: All transactions with customers and sales activities demonstrate our desire to know them and build relationships. 5. Determine Customer Needs: You must determine objectives of event, definition of event success and qualitative decision-making criteria in addition to quantitative dates, rates and space.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Marriotts advantages in its area are that Marriott Hotel: Marriott Hotel was at the service management group, the basic philosophy of people serving people, which has two aspects: fair treatment of every employee, while focusing on the feelings of employees, so that they understand home feeling. Marriott nearly 50% of managers are promoted from within the company, the companys job vacancies to give priority to internal staff, only no suitable internal candidate before hiring from the community, and outside recruitment, salary levels provided by the general high the industry average of 50% to 75%. The hotel is a typical service industry, Marriott that only a good company to employees, employees will be good guests. There are five systems to ensure its Marriott Hotel in the real implementation of its people at the service concept. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marriott_International) How does the Marriott Internet develop so fast and Marriott will what the situation introduced new brand or new product on-line? The answer is: when its through in the hotel market survey found there is enough, not yet fill blank or the demand is not fully satisfy customer demand, the company will launch when demand for these new products or services this means that companies need to continuously for customer demand research. Through the analysis can be found, Marriott, the core competences lie in her customer survey and customer knowledge, Marriott will be applied to all this from fair hotel to li jia all hotel brand. So, Marriotts superiorities are not Hotel management, but the customer knowledge acquisition, processing and management. Marriott has been committed to seek it the gaps between different brands. If the investigation shows that some segments of the market has enough targeted customers need some new product or service features, so Marriott will ascend product or service to meet customer new demand; If the survey shows that in one subdivision target audience, many people to a range of different characteristics have needs, Marriott will put these people as a new customer group and developed a new brand. Marriott international company provides beneficial for brand development thinking. For an existing product or service for, new features added to what extent is only necessary to ascend? And to what extent can create a new brand? The answer is: when additional features can create a kind of new things and can attract different target customer, you will have the product or service ascension or brand new born. Marriott company announced the development of the elastic suite this brand of practice is a good example. At the time, Marriott will elastic suite price at $75 between 95 and plans to March 1, 1999, 14 home built in when the two years later add 55 house. Elastic suite fair suite and fair suite originally is fair hotel part. Male was founded in 1997, at the time, the Wall Street journal is so describe the fair suite: capacious but lack adornment, toilet no door, sitting room of the shop is linoleum, its pricing is 75 dollars. In fact, people who are sensitive to the price and terms, this suite are fair in the hotel room of the sample more spacious. The question is: fair suite customers may not like linoleum, and are willing to pay for decorate a bit better room some more money. Hence, Marriott by increasing the ironing board and other pleasant thing to change fair suite image, and through laying carpet, adding the fireplace and breakfast room to improve the sitting room conditions. T hrough these aspects of ascension, Marriott hotel clued into the new batch of target customers emphasizing value buyers. But later, Marriott found fairness suite of the ascension is not always effective, price sensitive type customers dont want, and pay attention to value its customers and the pig. Hence, Marriott consider fair suite convert elastic suites, and restart the customer market segmentation. By measuring, Marriott got this data: relative to price sensitive type customers as fair suite brings the income, those who pay attention to the customer value for elastic suite at least $5 more income. In a competitive market segment for product promotion, we must pay special attention acquire and maintaining customers. For the price sensitive type customers, you must undertake product or service to avoid they turn to the ascension of competitors. Without competition or no foreseeable competition exists, then there is no need for ascension. In fact, competition often always exist, the key is to adopt necessary ascension to ensure that competitive advantage. Face price sensitive type customer, too much room doesnt help fair hotel create a competitive advantage. For China, we can learn a lot from the Marriott. Usually, hotel business income can be divided into three parts, one is relatively stable guest room, it is the hotel accommodation income that came with the catering business income, and three is including offices, shops, apartment rent and entertainment business, miscellaneous income each. Now, with all kinds of office buildings, shops, apartment hotel time, a lot of the fat, the hotel by wantonly robbed in this competition, almost crumbled; in big cities is entertainment speaking, the entertainment blossom everywhere, hotel entertainment income is increasingly atrophy. For example, 2000 Guangzhous biggest garden hotel total operating income is RMB 4.1 billion, compared with 1996 garden hotel revenue 5.4 billion, short four years time, incredibly shrunk more than 24 percent. The garden hotel general manager LiaoMingHua some helplessly say, we pulled out all the way, but the garden hotel business performance is still in step by step and sliding into deep In 2000, the China hotel reve nue is 3.9 billion, the white swan hotel revenue for 3 million, compared to 1996 5.2 million and 3.4 million, in a big shock, and Oriental hotel and international hotels performance is also down dramatically. 2001 is attempting to rumors China industry has been the United States has a good hotel in hotel management ability of the Marriott hotel management group purchase; this makes Guangzhou hotel industry sticker shock. China hotel, said to the outside of the top hotel management control only by Hong Kong new world change, in order to Marriott hotel shareholders did not change, the more there is no takeover, said. It is reported, China hotel grunde Hong Kong new world hotel limited company management, but from the beginning of the change in 2001 by Marriott management, accordingly, Marriott hotel every year from China, turnover extracted from 2.5 percentage points in return. With Chinas eventual entry into the WTO, the famous hotel groups like Sheraton, Hilton, west in brand has an grily blew the trumpets into Chinas hotel industry, the international brand and local hotels exchange unavoidable. Domestic even heavyweight hotel even so big alligator, other colleagues situation can be seen, international and domestic hotel gap also therefore! In fact, the biggest gap between Chinese and foreign hotel management, especially in it is the management strategy of the brand as the core. China hotel industry wants to win in the competition and obtain continuous development, it is necessary to learn modestly from foreign peer learning and solid improve their management level. Marriotts approach is to provide some new ideas for us? Nowadays, the hospitality industry is same as consumer goods is undergoing drastic changes. As a hotel operator, you must always ask yourself: I am ready to compete in upgrading of product or service in order to protect their market, or prepare for new segments of the market to develop new product? If choose the former, pay attention to product or service, thus reduces ascension is not incremental cost, because the existing customers often dont want to pay more. If choose the latter, new product or service must contain many new targeted customers expect things, further says, is the need to have a different brand this brand wont impact the original brand, and new customers can accept this new product or service and are willing to pay higher prices. Marriott hotel through creating elastic suite successfully will a make price sensitive type dissatisfied customers mode is transformed into a emphasizing value customer mode, it is a typical case. Section4 MARRIOTT REVENUES totaled $11.7 billion in 2010 compared to $10.9 billion in 2009. Total fees in 2010 were $1,185 million, an increase of 9 percent from the prior year. Stronger base management and franchise fees reflected the increase in worldwide REVPAR and unit growth across the system. Incentive management fees increased 18 percent reflecting higher property-level profit due to worldwide REVPAR increases and continued cost control, as well as international unit growth. For full year 2010, 27 percent of company-operated hotels earned incentive management fees compared to 25 percent in the prior year. Approximately two-thirds of incentive management fees came from hotels outside North America in both 2010 and 2009 BALANCE SHEET : At year-end 2010, total debt was $2,829 million and cash balances totaled $505 million, compared to $2,298 million in debt and $115 million of cash at year-end 2009. Adjusting for the debt associated with securitized Timeshare mortgage notes now required to be consolidated under new accounting rules, adjusted total debt, net of cash, totaled $1,308 million, a decline of $875 million since year-end 2009. At year-end 2010, Marriott had no borrowings outstanding under its $2.4 billion revolving bank credit facility Google: http://www.finchannel.com/Main_News/Travel_Biz/80829_Marriott_International_Announces_Plan_to_Spin_Off_Timeshare_Business_/ 29 March 2011 The stock price of the company and major competitors: Key Stats  MARMore Stock Ind Avg Price/Earnings TTM 29.6 41.8 Price/Book 8.3 3.3 Price/Sales TTM 1.2 1.8 Rev Growth (3 Yr Avg) -3.5 -3.1 EPS Growth (3 Yr Avg) -11.3 Operating Margin % TTM 5.9 7.7 Net Margin % TTM 3.9 2.9 ROE TTM 33.6 5.8 Debt/Equity 1.9 1.0 Top Marriott International, Inc. Competitors Companies Location Accor SA Évry,  France Hilton Worldwide, Inc. McLean,  VA InterContinental Hotels Group PLC Denham,  Buckinghamshire Competitor on file Minnetonka,  MN Competitor on file Toronto,  ON Competitor on file Spartanburg,  SC Competitor on file Chicago,  IL Competitor on file New York,  NY Competitor on file Boca Raton,  FL Competitor on file White Plains,  NY Competitor on file Phoenix,  AZ Competitor on file Silver Spring,  MD Google: http://www.hoovers.com/company/Marriott_International_Inc/hjfkxi-1-1njea3.html 29 March 2011 But what happened to the stock prices and why, this is because Marriott Internationals asset-light business model, premier brands, and experienced management team have helped the firm carve out a narrow economic moat. Although 2009 was challenging, the travel market  has stabilized and a slow recovery  has taken hold. In our opinion, Marriotts long-term prospects remain bright. Google: http://quote.morningstar.com/Stock/s.aspx?t=MAR 29 March 2011 And what the company will be in the future, The companys 2011 full year guidance assumes that the spin-off of the Timeshare segment does not occur in the current year and does not include pro forma adjustments or transaction expenses.    For the full year 2011, the company expects a strong pricing environment. The company assumes full year 2011 systemwide REVPAR on a constant dollar basis will increase 6 to 8 percent in North America, outside North America and on a worldwide basis. The company expects to open approximately 35,000 rooms in 2011 as most hotels expected to open are already under construction or undergoing conversion from other brands. Given these assumptions, full year 2011 fee revenue could total $1,310 million to $1,340 million and owned, leased, corporate housing and other revenue, net of direct expense, could total $115 million to $125 million. The company estimates that, on a full year basis, one point of worldwide systemwide REVPAR impacts total fees by approximately $15 million pretax and owned, leased, corporate housing and other revenue, net of direct expense, by approximately $5 million pretax. The company expects 2011 Timeshare contract sales to be in line with 2010 adjusted levels. The company expects its 2011 general and administrative costs to increase 3 to 5 percent over 2010 adjusted levels reflecting increased spending for brand initiatives and higher costs in international growth markets. The company expects investment spending in 2011 will total approximately $500 million to $700 million, including $50 million to $100 million for maintenance capital spending. Investment spending will also include other capital expenditures (including property acquisitions), new mezzanine financing and mortgage notes, contract acquisition costs, and equity and other investments. Based upon the assumptions above, full year 2011 EBITDA is expected to total $1,170 million to $1,230 million, a 12 to 18 percent increase over the prior years adjusted EBITDA. Google: http://www.finchannel.com/Main_News/Travel_Biz/80829_Marriott_International_Announces_Plan_to_Spin_Off_Timeshare_Business_/ 29 March 2011 A financial advisor said about the companys stock as an investment. Marriott International Inc.s shares slipped 2.2% premarket to 36.80% after Goldman Sachs lowers its stock-investment rating on the hotel operator to neutral from buy, where it has been since January 2009. Goldman remains bullish on the hotel sector, but says valuation of Marriotts timeshare unit, which it is spinning off, is creating a drag. Goldman says the timeshare division may produce lower margin than expected and units earnings are more cyclical, meaning the remaining hotel entity multiple would have to expand dramatically to offset the possible dilution of the spinoff. Google: http://blogs.wsj.com/marketbeat/2011/03/28/hot-stocks-this-morning-nokia-alcatel-lucent-and-many-more/ 29 March 2011

Essay --

Unit Title: THE ORGANISATION OF THE BODY Task: 1.1, B) Q) Discuss the major historical events, which led to the birth and the evolution of both the Light and Electron Microscope? History of Light Microscopes It is not clear who invented the microscope but it is said that in Circa 1000AD, an implement called a reading stone was discovered by an unknown inventor, this sphere shaped glass object magnified reading material when placed over it, this then began the birth of the microscope. In 1284 an Italian inventor named Salvino D’Armate was credited for inventing the first pair of wearable spectacles. It wasn’t then till 1590 that things developed with Dutch glassmakers, Zaccharias Janssen and his son Hans, experimented by placing multiple lenses in tubes, observing objects placed in front of the tubes they realised that the objects appeared massively larger, thus creating both the forerunner of the compound microscope invented about 1595 and the telescope. In 1609 a father of physics and astronomy, Galileo Galilei made a better instrument with a focusing device, by working out the foundations of the lenses after hearing rumours about the Dutch eyeglass makers. In 1674 a man called Antony van Leeuwenhoek made a simple but useful microscope using only one lens to look at other tiny objects such as insects, yeast and to examine blood cells. Antony van Leeuwenhoek back round, to others, he would have been seen as an unpromising candidate to become a scientist of his time, due to him having no fortune, higher education or university degrees, but with his endless curiosity and an open mind he successfully came to make some of the most important findings in biology history, discovering bacteria, protists, sperm cells and many mor... ...entify individual molecules of biological importance. The microscope does suffer from a serious flaw, as no living sample would be able to survive under its extreme vacuum, not being able to show the character of an actual living cell. Ernst Ruska received half a nobel prize in physics in 1986 for his invention, the other half was split between Heinrich Rohrer and Gerd Binnig for their invention of the Scanning Tunnel Microscope (STM) enabling scientists to see images in three-dimensional, allowing them to define surface roughness, defects and arrangements of molecules and collections on the surface of the sample. This powerful STM is the strongest microscope to date. http://inventors.about.com/od/mstartinventions/a/microscopes.htm http://www.ucmp http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1986/ruska-bio.htmlberkeley.edu/history/leeuwenhoek.html Essay -- Unit Title: THE ORGANISATION OF THE BODY Task: 1.1, B) Q) Discuss the major historical events, which led to the birth and the evolution of both the Light and Electron Microscope? History of Light Microscopes It is not clear who invented the microscope but it is said that in Circa 1000AD, an implement called a reading stone was discovered by an unknown inventor, this sphere shaped glass object magnified reading material when placed over it, this then began the birth of the microscope. In 1284 an Italian inventor named Salvino D’Armate was credited for inventing the first pair of wearable spectacles. It wasn’t then till 1590 that things developed with Dutch glassmakers, Zaccharias Janssen and his son Hans, experimented by placing multiple lenses in tubes, observing objects placed in front of the tubes they realised that the objects appeared massively larger, thus creating both the forerunner of the compound microscope invented about 1595 and the telescope. In 1609 a father of physics and astronomy, Galileo Galilei made a better instrument with a focusing device, by working out the foundations of the lenses after hearing rumours about the Dutch eyeglass makers. In 1674 a man called Antony van Leeuwenhoek made a simple but useful microscope using only one lens to look at other tiny objects such as insects, yeast and to examine blood cells. Antony van Leeuwenhoek back round, to others, he would have been seen as an unpromising candidate to become a scientist of his time, due to him having no fortune, higher education or university degrees, but with his endless curiosity and an open mind he successfully came to make some of the most important findings in biology history, discovering bacteria, protists, sperm cells and many mor... ...entify individual molecules of biological importance. The microscope does suffer from a serious flaw, as no living sample would be able to survive under its extreme vacuum, not being able to show the character of an actual living cell. Ernst Ruska received half a nobel prize in physics in 1986 for his invention, the other half was split between Heinrich Rohrer and Gerd Binnig for their invention of the Scanning Tunnel Microscope (STM) enabling scientists to see images in three-dimensional, allowing them to define surface roughness, defects and arrangements of molecules and collections on the surface of the sample. This powerful STM is the strongest microscope to date. http://inventors.about.com/od/mstartinventions/a/microscopes.htm http://www.ucmp http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1986/ruska-bio.htmlberkeley.edu/history/leeuwenhoek.html

Haiku Basho Matsuo

It si often difficult for Westerners to fully appreciate the technical sophistication of Japanese Haiku, either from a technical or thematic point of view. The obvious obstacles in translating Haiku into English combined with cultural differences and linguistic eccentricities such as slang or puns, make the translation of haiku even more formidable than it would otherwise be.Settling on a single English translation of any particular haiku can prove troublesome; however, the brevity of the form, combined with its visceral impact — when executed with skill — allows for an impact of poetic vision which, while based in the same elements as Western poetry: metaphor, assonance, dissonance, rhyme, theme, and imagery — demonstrates an intense compression of poetic language and a refinement of prosody which is slightly more calculated and reserved than much of Western poetry.A good case in point is the poetry of Basho Matsuo whose work is often considered by Western criti cs and observers as the highest representation of Japanese haiku. By and large, the intricacies of Basho's writings in the haiku form are only understood with effort by Western readers. By examining one of his famous haiku, it is possible to take note of those aspects of Basho's writings which are intrinsic to the aesthetic power of his work and also which may be slightly beyond easy appraisal for many readers.The following example of haiku reveals many techniques in diction, imagery, and prosody (or meter); although in translation, the specific notable qualities may be different than in the original work, the translated work retains the â€Å"spirit† of the original and allows for at least a cursory examination of how poetic techniques thrive under the haiku form. The poem: The first soft snow! Enough to bend the leaves Of the jonquil low. The most readily apparent quality of the poem is its imagery.No-one could miss the grand images of falling snow upon a gracefully bending flower. This juxtaposition of seasonal imagery: snow for winter and the jonquil for spring (or summer) functions at many levels, among them, bringing a great range to the poem which in actuality is quite brief, and also by bringing a violent, but wholly balanced, conflict between the images of snow and spring, a conflict which extends to the reader and involves the reader at a deeply symbolic level.By not naming any individual struggle, complaint, or lament — Basho allow the reader to project onto the archetypal symbols of snow and spring, their own subjective responses to the imagery which stimulates a sense of coming change, transition, or even loss. Another key aspect of the imagery of the poem is what might be termed the gesture of the imagery. Just as in a work of sculpture or a painting, the attitude and â€Å"pose† of the i,images in Basho's poem are as important as the images themselves.To create a sense of indelible gesture, Basho's verb â€Å"bends† s ucceeds with great capacity and also conveys a sense of one force bowing gracefully to another, as though the conflict between spring and winter, life and death, warm and cold, are pulled altogether under the image of the gently bending flower which accepts the change of seasons (and its own eventual death in winter) with a delicate bow.Read this way, the image of the jonquil in the poem is anthropomorphisized at leat to the extant that it invites the reader to project themselves into the scene of the poem and most likely view the jonquil as a symbol for themselves or for humanity in the face of changing nature. Because the jonquil bows to the snow, the transmitted meaning of the images in gesture is that man and nature are one.In order to convey this profound message, Basho made use of a sort of figurative language which is not precisely metaphor or simile, but nonetheless connects the image of the jonquil to the image of humanity. The sound of the poem is also important to the tra nsmission of meaning and the prosody of the poem, like its imagery and figurative language, is also a bit outside of typical Western techniques in verse. Spoken aloud, Basho's haiku forwards the idea of an enlightened exclamation, a spontaneous â€Å"ejaculation† of wonder and insight.There is reflectiveness in the poem, despite its brevity, indicated by the alliteration of â€Å"soft snow† and the pointing out of it being â€Å"the first† snow. This alliteration is carried out to the word â€Å"leaves† connecting the images of snow and tree-flowers by diction and assonance. Meanwhile, the abbreviated prosody of haiku allows for a conversational tone of delivery, as though a magnificent insight into nature of one's own being — both in fact — is being communicated in universal terms through the use of ordinary conversation.By using relatively pedestrian language along with intense archetypal imagery, Basho imbues the haiku form with a great b readth and profundity that its short form and controlled meter and theme might in other hands not allow to be attained with such grace or precision. The word â€Å"low† which closes the poem, and also in translation rhymes with the word â€Å"snow,† indicates a harmonious connection to nature and also an acknowledgment of the unknowable mystery of nature.It is as though in the face of the â€Å"snow† of heaven or of the cosmic breadth of the universe, the jonquil simply bows low with respect and is then taken into the protective embrace of nature. That this insight is delivered with the easy, controlled and conversational idiom of haiku demonstrates a plastic connection of the cosmic and personal, the profound and trivial, the poetic and ordinary, which is a paradigm which seems intrinsic to the haiku form itself.

The Effect of Pronunciation on Spellings and Comprehension

The Effect of Pronunciation on Spellings and Comprehension Free Online Research Papers I conducted this study to find answers to the problem whether or not pronunciation affects spelling and comprehension of the students in learning English as a Foreign Language. As a researcher, I tried to prove if learners of the English language from Middle East had common errors in writing correct spelling of words with letter ‘r’, be it in the middle or at the end of the word, and if their comprehension was affected by pronunciation. Specifically, I aimed to answer the questions: (1.) Is there significant effect of pronunciation on spelling? (2.) Does pronunciation affect comprehension? I conducted this study in Non-Destructive Testing Technology Institute, 2nd Industrial City of Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, for eleven (11) weeks on the 2nd quarter of SY 2008-2009. The participants involved were thirty (30) Arab students enrolled in my General English class. They were all first year college students taking up Welding course. These participants had previously learned and acquired British English. My purpose of conducting the study was to provide an output that will be of help to teachers to understand if the same problem is encountered or will be encountered by them, and to encourage them to use teaching strategies appropriate to the learning style of the learners. Likewise, the result will be beneficial for them to help students improve their spelling and comprehension in learning the English language. Discussion My attempt to do the study was inspired by my own experience as an English teacher in dealing with the non-native speakers of English in a vocational school particularly Non-Destructive Testing Technology Institute where I taught General English to Arab students who had been exposed to British English, or who had previously acquired and learned the language. Since I was using American English, a minimal confusion occurred on both parties in the teaching-learning situation. There was confusion in the production of the r sound in words with middle, or final ‘r’ (i.e., welder, worker, world, marker, car, cutter, etc†¦) and in spelling of words like center, color liter, meter, and the like. The problem is similar to the intrusive r mentioned in the study conducted by Bryan Gick of the University of British Columbia (cited in http://camba.ucsd.edu/files/phonoloblog/gick-intrusive-l-amsp02.pdf.). Considering this experience, as a researcher, I conducted the study immediately after a week of teaching. Accordingly, linguists have long been interested in intrusive r for a variety of reasons. The importance of early descriptions of the phenomenon as it appeared in early British RP, such as that provided by Jones (1917). Intrusive r was first recognized as relevant to phonological theory by a group composed mostly of American Structuralists, who identified it as bearing crucially on contemporary discussions of the phonemicization of low vowels and glides (Bloomfield 1935; Trager 1943; Whorf 1943; Swadesh 1947). Although somewhat later, and with a more dialectological focus, Kurath’s (1964) analysis should also be included in this category. Interest was renewed by the Generativists and following generations, beginning with Kahn’s (1976) dissertation on syllable structure and continuing to the present day (e.g., Mohanan 1985; Vogel 1986; Broadbent 1991; McCarthy 1991, 1993; Harris 1994, chap. 5; McMahon,Foulkes, and Tollfree 1994; McMahon and Foulkes 1995; Giegerich 1997; Halle and Idsardi 1997; Gick 1999). Intrusive r says Gick, may be viewed simplistically as the extension by analogy of a historically attested final /r/ to words historically ending in a vowel (generally this applies only to the set of non-glide-final vowels: /@, a, O/). Thus, in dialects with intrusive r, normally word-final r and zero alternate, depending on whether the word is vowel-initial, as in the following examples. 1. R ~ Ø alternation in historically r -final words (e.g., E Mass.) a. tuner [tun@] à ¼ tuner is [tun@r Iz] b. spar [spa:] à ¼ spar is [spar Iz] c. pore [pO:] à ¼ pore is [pOr Iz]. Gick also explains that in some dialects, this process has extended to all words ending in /a/, /O/, and /@/,. as shown below which is commonly known as intrusion. 2. R ~ Ø alternation in historically vowel-final words (e.g., E Mass.) a. tuna [tun@] à ¼ tuna is [tun@r Iz] b. spa [spa:] à ¼ spa is [spar Iz] c. paw [pO:] à ¼ paw is [pOr Iz]. But Gick emphasized that in most dialects, this alternation never occurs following other vowels. Gick (1999) points out that the historical development of intrusive r followed an identifiable and necessary sequence of linguistic events: vocalization, linking, merger ( or near merger), reanalysis (intrusion), and generalization. In the study conducted by Gick of which he aimed to determine if intrusive r has the same pattern with intrusive l, he found out that the same pattern is reflected in existing dialect typologies as well. He said, such an ordering is valuable in pinpointing the present stage of development of the highly parallel intrusive l. This sequence proceeds historically as follows. Postvocalic liquids undergo vocalization. Philadelphia (S Pa.) is well known for this behavior: â€Å"In Philadelphia, word-final /l/ is vocalized with great frequency† (Ash 1982b, 162). This process, by definition, applies only to liquids (and possibly glides). Vocalization may be thought of as one instantiation of a more general phonetic process known as final reduction (or, conversely, initial strengthening), which may apply to any consonant. Final reduction is a property of apparently all consonants in all dialects of English studied to date, whereby the articulatory movements of postvocalic allophones tend to be â€Å"reduced,† or less constricted, compared with those of prevocalic allophones (Browman and Goldstein 1995; Gick forthcoming a). Liquid consonants, however, are unusual in that they involve multiple lingual articulations (e.g., the tongue front raising gesture and tongue root retraction for /r/; Delattre and Freeman 1968). When liquid consonants undergo ?nal reduction, it is only the anterior articulations (i.e., the coronal constriction for /l/ and the tongue front raising for /r/) that are affected (Giles and Moll 1975; Ash 1982a, 1982b; Hardcastle and Barry 1989, 15; Sproat and Fujimura 1993; Gick 1999, forthcoming a). However, according to Gick the posterior articulations, that is, the tongue dorsum retraction for /l/ and the tongue root retraction for /r/, remain more or less unaffected (see Gick forthcoming b and Gick, Kang, and Whalen forthcoming for further evidence in support of this analysis of liquid vocalization in English). The result is that final allophones tend perceptually to have a stronger â€Å"vocalic† component (Sproat and Fujimura 1993) than initial allophones (hence the term vocalization). In its most extreme manifestation, vocalization may result in a complete loss of the anterior articulation. On the part of the students, trouble came from the way how I pronounced the words, spoke and wrote the spelling of words using American English. On my part as the teacher, trouble came from the way how the students pronounced the words, spoke and wrote the spelling of the words using British English. Focusing on pronunciation and spelling as a teacher-researcher, I noticed that when some students wrote, they occasionally omitted letter ‘r’ from the word that ends with letter ‘r’ and even changed the spelling following their own pronunciation. (i.e., ‘otha’ instead of ‘other’; ‘neva’ instead of ‘never’; ‘welda’ instead of ‘welder’; ‘computa’ instead of ‘computer’; ‘teacha’ instead of ‘teacher’). Another observation was students’ pronunciation of few words with letter ‘o’, like for examples, ‘follow’ is pronouced as (fol-o) instead of (fal-ow); ‘blood (blod) instead of (blad); ‘box (boks) instead of (baks). As a result, some of them wrote the words in reference to the way how they pronounced them. Analyzing the situation, my input appeared to be another kind of English to the students and that the students’ feedback, on the other hand, seemed to be another kind of English to me though I already had knowledge about the difference of British English and American English. As a researcher, I described it as the encounter of two Englishes experiencing difficulty in trying to meet half-way. As a result of the observation I made, the comprehension of both parties was affected. Either I or the students experienced trouble in dealing with the English language. Conclusion My research employed quantitative and qualitative approaches in analyzing the data gathered and observed. In the eight written and two oral quizzes I gave, 27 out 30 students were found to be consistent in their errors in writing the spellings of the words with final and middle r by dropping them out of the words resulting to inaccuracy in spellings. Five of the written quizzes I designed were to allow the participants to write words with middle and final r to complete the sentences. The other three, were to instruct them to write the unknown words with middle or final r based on the context clues given. I conducted the two oral quizzes by reading the instructions aloud to let them write the words with middle or final r. However, similar results were obtained. There were errors in spellings even if I pronounced the words the way how American do it. Based on these facts, my study proved that pronunciation had a significant effect on spellings of some words, though my study was only focused in determining the words with middle and final r. My study also found out that pronunciation affected comprehension in learning a new English for the students who were exposed to another kind of English of which reduction of the final sound is practiced . This is the idea confirmed based on this study. However, the problem raised in the study was not focused directly on the difference of American English and British English but to determine and discuss some common errors committed by the learners as influenced by their pronunciation. This was the reason why the participants of this study performed differently than what I expected as a teacher in trying to teach English using American English. General Reference : American Speech, Vol. 77, No. 2, Summer 2002, Copyright  © 2002 by the American Dialect Society. OTHER R E F E R E N C E S (cited in Gicks Study) Ash, Sharon. 1982a. â€Å"The Vocalization of /l/ in Philadelphia.† Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Pennsylvania. - - - . 1982b. â€Å"The Vocalization of Intervocalic /l/ in Philadelphia.† SECOL Review 6: 162–75. Bloom?eld, Leonard. 1935. Language. London: Allen and Unwin. Broadbent, Judith. 1991. â€Å"Linking and Intrusive r in English.† UCL Working Papers in Linguistics 3: 281–302. Browman, Catherine P., and Louis Goldstein. 1995. â€Å"Gestural Syllable Position Effects in American English.† In Producing Speech: Contemporary Issues. For Katherine Safford Harris, ed. Fredericka Bell-Berti and Lawrence J. Raphael, 1934. New York: American Institute of Physics Press. Costa, Paul, and Ignatius G. Mattingly. 1981. â€Å"Production and Perception of Phonetic Contrast during Phonetic Change.† Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 69: S67. Delattre, Pierre C., and Donald C. Freeman. 1968. â€Å"A Dialect Study of American r’s by X-ray Motion Picture.† Linguistics 44: 29–68. Fasold, R. W. 1981. â€Å"The Relation between Black and White Speech in the South.† American Speech 56: 163–89. Fowler, J. 1986. â€Å"The Social Strati?cation of (r) in New York City Department Stores, 24 Years after Labov.† Unpublished MS. Gick, Bryan. 1991. â€Å"A Phonologically Motivated Theory of Consonantal Intrusion and Related Phenomena in English.† Unpublished MS. - - - . 1997. â€Å"The Intrusive L.† Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Dialect Society, Chicago, 2–4 Jan. - - - . 1999. â€Å"A Gesture-Based Account of Intrusive Consonants in English.† Phonology 16.1: 29–54. - - - . Forthcoming a. â€Å"Articulatory Correlates of Ambisyllabicity in English Glides and Liquids.† In Papers in Laboratory Phonology VI: Constraints on Phonetic a m e r i c a n s p e e c h 77.2 (2002) 182 Interpretation, ed. J. Local, R. Ogden, and R. Temple. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. - - - . Forthcoming b. â€Å"An X-ray Investigation of Pharyngeal Constriction in American English Schwa.† Phonetica. Gick, Bryan, A. Min Kang, and D. H. Whalen. Forthcoming. â€Å"MRI Evidence for Commonality in the Post-oral Articulations of English Vowels and Liquids.† Journal of Phonetics. Giegerich, Heinz. 1997. â€Å"The Phonology of ‘/O:/’ and ‘/A:/’ in RP English: Henry Sweet and After.† English Language and Linguistics 1: 25–47. Giles, Stephen B., and Kenneth L. Moll. 1975. â€Å"Cine?uorographic Study of Selected Allophones of English /l/.† Phonetica 31: 206–27. Halle, Morris, and William Idsardi. 1997. â€Å"r, Hypercorrection and the Elsewhere Condition.† In Derivations and Constraints in Phonology , ed. Iggy Roca, 331–48. Oxford: Clarendon. Hardcastle, William, and William Barry. 1989. â€Å"Articulatory and Perceptual Factors in /l/ Vocalisations in English.† Journal of the International Phonetic Association 15.2: 3–17. Harris, John. 1994. English Sound Structure. Cambridge, Mass.: Blackwell. Jones, Charles. 1989. A History of English Phonology. London: Longman. Jones, Daniel. 1917. An English Pronouncing Dictionary. London: Dent. Kahn, Daniel. 1976. Syllable-based Generalizations in English Phonology. New York: Garland. Kurath, Hans. 1964. A Phonology and Prosody of Modern English. Heidelberg: Winter. Kurath, Hans, and Raven I. McDavid, Jr. 1961. The Pronunciation of English in the Atlantic States. Ann Arbor: Univ. of Michigan Press. Labov, William. 1963. â€Å"The Social Motivation of a Sound Change.† Word 19: 273309. - - - . 1966. The Social Strati?cation of English in New York City. Washington, D.C.: Center for Applied Linguistics. - - - . 1994. Principles of Linguistic Change. Vol. 1, Internal Factors. Language in Society 20. Cambridge, Mass.: Blackwell. - - - . 1996. â€Å"The Organization of Dialect Diversity in North America.† Paper presented at ICSLP4, Philadelphia, 6 Oct. Data published in The Phonological Atlas of North America (Web site). Available from ling.upenn.eduphono_atlas/ICSLP4.html. Labov, William, Malcah Yaeger, and Richard Steiner. 1972. A Quantitative Study of Sound Change in Progress. Philadelphia: U.S. Regional Survey. Lanham, L. W., and C. A. MacDonald. 1979. The Standard in South African English and Its Social History. Heidelberg: Groos. Lutz, John. 1984. â€Å"A Study of a Midwestern Dialect Using a Computational Model for Linguistic Variation.† Undergraduate senior thesis, Harvard Univ. McCarthy, John. 1991. â€Å"Synchronic Rule Inversion.† In Proceedings of the 17th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society, February 15–18, 1991, vol. 1, General Session and Parasession on the Grammar of Event Structure, ed. Laure Research Papers on The Effect of Pronunciation on Spellings and ComprehensionStandardized TestingThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseEffects of Television Violence on Children19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraResearch Process Part OneQuebec and CanadaHip-Hop is ArtInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesPETSTEL analysis of IndiaRelationship between Media Coverage and Social and

Moving into Administrative Work with a Masters in Education Essay Example

Moving into Administrative Work with a Masters in Education Essay Example Moving into Administrative Work with a Masters in Education Essay Moving into Administrative Work with a Masters in Education Essay The career of a teacher can be told in the stories they carry with them from the classroom; the students they have had an impact on, the lessons they have taught, the faces they have seen grow, and the years which they have dedicated to a school. There is much honor in the work of a teacher and those who love education often find themselves traveling down various paths throughout their career. In fact, many teachers find that at some point in their careers they are interested in moving into the administrative end of education, in which there are many fine careers that help to shape the curriculum and operations of our schools. Typically what many of these positions will require, however, is a Masters in Education; a degree that would have traditionally required someone to go back to school to earn. Many times the thought of juggling the schedule necessary to complete such a degree in this conventional manner is too overwhelming for older students who have had a break in their schooling and now have many responsibilities to which to attend. But with some research it is often duly noted that online degree programs are more prevalent than ever before; a result of the continued growth and popularity of the Internet. More and more people are recognizing the benefit of online learning and utilizing the flexibility and convenience of the Internet to pursue their goals. With the ability to earn a Masters in Education online, teachers are able to continue their work in the classroom and begin their journey towards the next phase in their career. The convenience of completing their work during off-hours gives them far more flexibility and the time they need to really buckle down and earn the degree that will deliver them with many additional opportunities.

Analyze statistics reported in a news article, advertisement, or poll Project

Analyze reported in a news article, advertisement, or poll from a print source - Statistics Project Example (4) â€Å"Did somebody change the subject?† Carefully examine the conclusion to make sure it is supported by the statistical evidence. Sometimes an interpretation is presented as fact.  Ã‚   (5) â€Å"Does it make sense?† Look for and point out anything that does not make sense. Analysis of Statistics An article written by Luo (2010) entitled 99 Weeks Later, Jobless Have Only Desperation published in the New York Times on August 2, 2010 proffered issues pertinent to the status that jobless people face after â€Å"they have exhausted the maximum 99 weeks of unemployment insurance benefits that they can claim† (Luo, 2010, par. 4). To analyze the validity of the statistics, the following questions would be addressed according to Darrell Huff’s book How to Lie With Statistics. (1) â€Å"Who says so?† The figures from the article indicating the number of people unemployed or out of work for 99 weeks or more were sourced from the Bureau of Labor Statist ics (BLS). According to the official website of BLS (2011), it is â€Å"the principal Federal agency responsible for measuring labor market activity, working conditions, and price changes in the economy. Its mission is to collect, analyze, and disseminate essential economic information to support public and private decision-making.